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DOSNIX.DOC (this file) has been keyed for use with HELP.BAT and
READ. For on-line help merely type "help" and the name of the subject
with which you want help. To search for subjects while in READ, begin
the search string with a ~ (tilde).
For help from anywhere on your system, READ.EXE and HELP.BAT should
be in a directory pointed to by the PATH command and you should put
the full path name for DOSNIX.DOC in HELP.BAT. For example:
READ +\~%1 C:\DOSNIX\DOSNIX.DOC
HELP INDEX
Introduction LS
General MV
STDIN MVDIR
STDOUT READ
Commands RM
APP RN
CAT SGREP
CHMOD SPLIT
CLR TEE
CP TOLOWER
CPDIR TOUCH
DB TOUPPER
EDC WC
FFIND Registration
GET
~introduction
DOSNIX ver. 2.0a
Copyr. 1990,1992 by G. Vrooman
All rights reserved.
DOSNIX is a collection of UNIX style file management and text
utilities which will increase the power and flexibility of your
system. DOSNIX provides many of the features which UNIX users
take for granted along with some features not even found on UNIX
systems. It is not a UNIX clone but it is very compatible with UNIX
conventions. Users who are familiar with UNIX will have no trouble
learning DOSNIX. Other users may find DOSNIX a good tool for learning
UNIX. Some of the programs included with DOSNIX are:
CHMOD - This version of the UNIX CHMOD command has been adapted
to work with MSDOS file attributes. It will allow you
to change the attributes of any file and allow you to
create read only, hidden and system files.
CLR - A utility which will allow you to customize your screen
colors from the command line. CLR will work properly with or
without ANSI.SYS.
CP - The UNIX counterpart of the DOS COPY command. CP will
allow you to copy hidden and system files, and the DOSNIX
version will not overwrite existing files without warning
you. CP can handle wild cards and multiple arguments and
will even allow you to format a new floppy disk if the first
one gets filled up. CP also has options to utilize the archive
bit or to copy files interactively.
DB - The famous "delete but" command will delete all except
specified files. This command is not UNIX but it is a
great tool for cleaning up around ZIP, ARC and other archive
files.
EDC - Easy Directory Change. This utility will allow you to
change directories without typing out long path names.
EDC can also be used to display a visual directory tree
on your screen.
FFIND - FFIND is a file locator in the tradition of the UNIX FIND
command. Although FFIND does not have the power and scope
of the UNIX version, it is much easier to use. FFIND will
locate files on any drive and will accept wild cards. It
will also locate hidden and system files and has options
to remove unwanted files.
LS - The venerable UNIX directory lister. LS has been spruced
up and given another sort and two new display modes. LS will
now display directories sorted by file size as well as name,
extension or date. LS can list files in one, two, four or five
column formats, sorted by row or by column, and offers a choice
of upper or lower case output. LS also offers reverse sorting
and a choice of switch characters. Default options can be set
from the environment.
MV - A fast powerful file mover, MV is used to relocate files
without performing separate COPY and DEL commands. MV can
be used to move files to any directory or to any drive.
MVDIR - The UNIX directory move utility. MVDIR will relocate
complete directory trees and this version will even
move them to another drive.
READ - A highly modified version of the UNIX PG or MORE command,
READ is a handy text file viewer which will recognize both UNIX
and keypad commands and will read from STDIN or directly from
files.
RM - More powerful than the DOS DEL command, this utility
will remove complete directory structures and is great
for erasing floppies. Unlike some UNIX versions, RM
will warn you before doing anything drastic.
DOSNIX also includes versions of the CAT, TEE and TOUCH commands.
~general
INSTALLING DOSNIX:
DOSNIX is intended primarily for hard drives although individual
DOSNIX utilities can be copied to a floppy disk. To install DOSNIX
on your hard drive you can copy the files to any convenient directory,
such as C:\DOSNIX and add the directory to the PATH statement in your
AUTOEXEC.BAT file. If you don't have an AUTOEXEC.BAT file you can
make one with the following two lines:
PATH = C:;C:\DOSNIX
PROMPT $P$G
This will get you up and running with DOSNIX.
DOSNIX OPTIONS:
Most DOSNIX commands have a simple format which can be enhanced by
the use of UNIX style option strings. The option string is always
the first argument after the command and usually begins with a "-".
See the Command Summary for the options available with each command.
If you are used to MSDOS switches and find this awkward you can
insert the following line in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file:
SET SWITCH=/ (No space before or after "=")
All commands except CHMOD and READ will then recognize a "/" as an
option delimiter. If you don't use this feature, you can use slashes
in path names, as in UNIX, and they will be converted to back slashes.
INSTANT HELP:
This document has now been keyed for quick command searches and
a HELP.BAT file has been included. To obtain on-line help, type
"help" and the name of the subject with which you want help. In
addition, a brief summary of most commands can be obtained by typing
the name of the command followed by a "-?".
USING DOSNIX:
DOSNIX is based on UNIX although the author has simplified some
commands and enhanced others. Other commands have been modified
slightly to make them more compatible with MSDOS. If you are familiar
with UNIX you should have no problem with DOSNIX. If you are not
familiar with UNIX, books on the subject are available in most book
stores. My own personal favorite, if you can still find it, is:
UNIX SYSTEM V PRIMER
Waite, Martin & Pratha
Howard W. Sams & Co., Inc.
This book offers a lightly humorous treatment of UNIX and much of it
is applicable to DOSNIX.
DOSNIX has a great many options and features, which can be
bewildering to the novice user. Pick out the commands and options
you need the most and get familiar with them before moving on. LS
is a great directory lister and it is a lot fun to play around with,
but the -l option is all most people will ever need. The same is
true with other commands. The options are there if you need them but
don't feel you need to learn every one.
You can experiment with DOSNIX by making a scratch directory or
floppy and playing around with different commands. This procedure is
highly recommended for destructive commands such as RM and DB.
COMPATIBILITY:
DOSNIX was written and tested using an XT clone with Phoenix BIOS
and MSDOS 3.1 and 3.3. It was written very conservatively and should
be upwardly compatible with with MSDOS 4.x, 5.x and most AT and 386
class machines. Compatibility with MSDOS 2.x is not guaranteed.
Some utilities, such as READ and CLR, use BIOS level screen and
keyboard functions and require an IBM compatible BIOS. Because all
utilities use small or medium memory models, they should not require
more than 256k of memory to run.
NOTE:
UNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T Corporation.
MSDOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
~stdin ~stdout
STANDARD INPUT (STDIN) AND STANDARD OUTPUT (STDOUT)
DOSNIX utilities make extensive use of STDIN and STDOUT. STDIN
is the keyboard unless you decide to redirect it. STDOUT is the
screen unless you decide to redirect it. Redirection is done by
using the MSDOS operators; <, >, >> and |.
< used with a program that normally reads from STDIN. It
tells MSDOS to use the contents of a file for STDIN.
For example:
more < dosnix.doc
> writes STDOUT to a file. For example:
cat dosnix.doc
writes DOSNIX.DOC to the screen, while
cat dosnix.doc > another.doc
copies DOSNIX.DOC to ANOTHER.DOC.
>> appends STDOUT to an existing file or writes STDOUT
to a new file. For example:
cat quickref.doc >> dosnix.doc
appends QUICKREF.DOC to DOSNIX.DOC. Unfortunately
this operator will leave an unwanted CTRL-Z between
the two files. For this reason, DOSNIX includes an
APP command.
| The pipeline operator. Uses STDOUT as STDIN for a
second program. For example:
cat *.doc | read
pipes all files with an extension of .DOC to READ.
UNIX and DOSNIX provide an additional command, TEE, which
will write STDOUT to the screen and store it in a file at
the same time. For example:
cat dosnix.doc | tee another.doc
writes DOSNIX.DOC to the screen and stores it in ANOTHER.DOC.
~commands
LIST OF DOSNIX COMMANDS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
APP append standard input to file(s).
CAT Copy text file(s) to standard output.
CHMOD Modify attribute(s) of file.
CLR Set screen foreground, background and border colors.
CP Copy file to new file or directory.
CPDIR Copy directory and all subdirectories. *
DB Delete all files except specified files.
EDC Easy Directory Change.
FFIND Find all copies of file in specified path.
GET Find all filenames containing specified string. *
LS List contents of directory.
MV Move file to new file or directory.
MVDIR Move directory and all subdirectories to new location.
READ Display text file in page format.
RM Remove file(s).
RN Rename file or directory.
SGREP Search text file(s) for specified string. *
SPLIT Split a text file into several smaller files. *
TEE Copy standard input to standard output and file(s).
TOLOWER Convert standard input to lower case.
TOUCH Modify file time and date.
TOUPPER Convert standard input to upper case.
WC Count lines, words and characters in a file. *
* Enhanced version
SUMMARY OF DOSNIX COMMANDS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
~app
NAME:
APP Append standard input to file.
SYNTAX:
app file1 [file2..file5] Appends standard input to up
to five files.
DESCRIPTION:
APP is a non-UNIX command meant to replace the DOS ">>" operator.
Using ">>" to append files will not remove the CTRL-Z from the end of
the first file before appending, but using APP will. APP can be used
with the dos "|" operator and any command which writes to standard
output. For example:
cat file1 file2 | app file3
appends the output of CAT to file3. See CAT.
app < file1 file2
appends file1 to file2.
WARNING: Do not use "app < file1 > file2". This will erase file2.
APP is meant for use with text files only and use with binary files
is not recommended.
~cat
NAME:
CAT Copy text file(s) to standard output.
SYNTAX:
cat Copies standard input to standard
output.
cat file1 Copies file1 to standard output.
Usually the screen.
cat file1 file2 > file3 Concatenates file1 and file2 and
stores in file3.
DESCRIPTION:
CAT reads one or more files and copies them to STDOUT. If no input
file is given, CAT will read STDIN until a CTRL-Z is found. For
example:
cat *.c > csource.txt
will concatenate all files with an extension of .C and store
them in CSOURCE.TXT.
cat file1 file2 | app file3
concatenates file1 and file2 and appends the result to file3.
cat > temp
stores whatever is typed on the keyboard in TEMP and is similar to the
DOS command COPY CON TEMP. CTRL-Z can be used to terminate this
operation.
Some versions of CAT will copy the CTRL-Z at the end of each file,
leaving you stuck with a lot of unwanted CTRL-Z's in your new file.
This version wont.
CAT is meant for use with text files only and use with binary files
is not recommended.
~chmod
NAME:
CHMOD Change attribute(s) of a file.
SYNTAX:
chmod [+x] file1 Adds attribute x to file1
chmod [-x] file1 Removes attribute x from file1
ATTRIBUTES:
+a Set archive bit.
-a Clear archive bit.
+h Add hidden attribute.
-h Remove hidden attribute.
+r Add read only attribute.
-r Remove read only attribute.
+s Add system attribute.
-s Remove system attribute.
DESCRIPTION:
CHMOD is used to modify the attributes of a file. Attributes can
be grouped together in any sequence but each attribute must be
preceded by a "+" or a "-". For example:
chmod -a *.*
removes the archive bit from all files in the current directory,
chmod -a+r list.txt
removes the archive bit and makes LIST.TXT read only,
chmod +h+s widget.com
makes WIDGET.COM a hidden, system file.
~clr
NAME:
CLR Set foreground, background and border colors.
SYNTAX:
clr Clears screen without resetting
attributes.
clr [-ab] fgnd [bkgnd [brdr]] Sets screen foreground, background
and border colors.
OPTIONS:
a ANSI compatible mode.
b Set foreground Bold attribute to ON.
DESCRIPTION:
CLR sets the screen foreground, background and border colors to
those specified by the user. The following colors are supported:
BLACK RED GREEN YELLOW AMBER
BLUE MAGENTA CYAN WHITE
Because yellow is high intensity amber, it is impossible to have a
yellow background. Border colors will vary with the type of monitor.
If only a foreground color is specified the background color
defaults to black. The border color always defaults to the background
color. To change the background color you need to specify the
foreground color. To change the border color you need to specify
foreground and background colors.
For ease of use CLR will recognize the first three letters of any
color name. For example:
clr yel
sets the foreground color to yellow with a black background and border,
clr whi blu
sets the foreground color to white and the background and border
colors to blue, and
clr red whi red
sets the foreground color to red, the background color to white and
the border color to red.
The -b option sets the intensity of the foreground color to high.
For example:
clr -b red
sets the foreground color to high intensity red.
If the screen is cleared after using CLR, and ANSI.SYS is not
installed, the screen will return to normal. This can be avoided by
using CLR without arguments to clear the screen, or by installing
ANSI.SYS.
If ANSI.SYS is installed, CLR will detect it and generate the needed
escape codes. A -a option has been provided to force ANSI mode if
needed.
~cp
NAME:
CP Copy file to new file or directory.
SYNTAX:
cp [-abcfinopstv] file1 file2 Copies file1 to file2
cp [-abcfinopstv] file1 [file2..filen] dir
Copies any number of files to
directory.
cp [-abcfinopstv] dir1 dir2 Copies files in dir1 to dir2.
cp -m source dest1 [dest2..destn]
Makes multiple copies of source.
Destination may be either file or
directory.
OPTIONS:
a Copy hidden and system files. Prompt
before overwriting protected files.
b Copy only files with archive bit set.
c Clear archive bits after copying.
f Copy hidden and system files. Overwrite
protected files without prompting.
i Interactive mode. Prompts before copying.
m Make multiple copies of single file.
n No delete. Do not overwrite existing files.
o Overwrite existing files without prompting.
Does not overwrite protected files.
p Preserve file attributes when copying.
s Copy files without echoing to screen.
t Update file time and date when copying.
v Verify files when copying.
DESCRIPTION:
CP copies one or more files to a new file or directory. If more
than one source file is specified or wildcards are used, the last
argument must specify an existing directory or an error will occur.
If a directory is used as a source, all files in the directory will
be copied but subdirectories will not be copied.
Each file is echoed to the screen as it is copied and existing
files are not overwritten without prompting. If an existing file
is protected the user will be notified and prompted a second time
before the file is overwritten. Options are provided to override
these features when desired.
If a Disk Full error occurs while copying files to a removable
device, CP will prompt the user for a new diskette. The user may
either continue, format a new disk or abort at this point. If a new
disk is inserted, CP will create the directory if needed. To format
disks, CP needs to access COMMAND.COM and FORMAT.COM, so set COMSPEC
to point to your copy of COMMAND.COM and make sure FORMAT.COM is in a
directory pointed to by PATH.
The -i option will prompt the user for a yes or no answer before
copying each file. Used with wildcards or directory names this option
provides an interactive method of copying files.
Hidden and system files can be copied using the -a option or the
-f option. If the -f option is used all existing files, even
protected files, will be overwritten without prompting the user.
The -o option can be used overwrite existing files but will not
overwrite protected files. If the -n option is used, no files will
be overwritten and the user will not be prompted. The -n option
overrides all other options in this respect.
If the -s option is used, files will not be echoed to the screen
when copying. This option can be used with the -o, -f or -n options
when no screen output is desired.
Unlike the MV command, file attributes are not carried over and
the archive bit of the new file is set. The -p option can be used
to preserve the attributes of the old file.
In normal use CP will carry over the time and date of the old
file. If the -t option is used, the new file will be stamped
with the current DOS time and date.
A -v option has been added to turn on the DOS verify flag before
copying. When the copy is complete the verify flag is restored
to its former state.
CP can be used for backups with the -b option. When this option
is used, only archive files are copied. The -c option will clear
the archive bit on both files after the copy is made. For example:
cp -bco *.* a:\
copies only files in the current directory which have not been backed
up. The archive bits are cleared and any previously existing files
on drive A are overwritten.
Sometimes it is necessary to copy a file to several different
drives or directories. CP can be used with the -m option to make
as many copies of a file as needed.
~cpdir
NAME:
CPDIR copy directory and all subdirectories. *
* Enhanced version only.
~db
NAME:
DB Delete all files except specified files.
SYNTAX:
db file1..filen Deletes all files in directory
except specified files.
OPTIONS: None
DESCRIPTION:
DB will delete all files in a directory except the files given as
an argument. Wildcards can be used in arguments but path names are
not supported. DB can only be used in the current directory. For
example:
db *.zip
will delete all files that do not have an extension of .ZIP and,
in fact, DB is an excellent tool for cleaning up around ZIP files
and other archives.
DB works by assigning a +h attribute to the specified files and
then removing all normal files. The remaining files are then
"unhidden". This can cause a problem with previously existing
hidden files. If DB encounters any hidden files it, will safely
abort leaving the directory unchanged. You will then have to use RM.
WARNING: DB can be a deadly weapon if used carelessly. Use it only
when you are sure of what you are doing.
~edc
NAME:
EDC Easy Directory Change
SYNTAX:
edc [-options] [d:]dir1 Changes directory to dir1.
edc -rn dir1 dir2 Renames dir1 to dir2.
OPTIONS:
k Do not pause when screen is full.
l Scan drive and list directories.
m Create directory and update path file.
n Display directory tree without graphics.
q Quick scan. Do not look for extensions.
r Remove directory and update path file.
rn Rename directory and update path file.
s Scan drive. No screen output.
t Display directory tree with graphics.
? Display help screen.
DESCRIPTION:
EDC allows you to change directories by entering only the directory
name rather than the whole path name. For example, if you have a
directory named \MODEM\FILES\ZIP you can reach the directory
from anywhere on your drive by entering:
edc zip
instead of:
cd \modem\files\zip
EDC can also find directories if given just the first few letters of
the name. If you have a directory named \GAMES\POKER\BIGDECK,
entering:
edc big
will find it.
If EDC finds more than one directory with the same name, it
will display all directories found and prompt you to choose one.
A new menu has been installed with both a selector bar and a speed
search feature. To use speed search, enter the next letter of the
directory name to narrow the search or use the backspace key to
widen the search.
EDC will locate directories on any hard drive without using a
drive spec. To change to a directory on a floppy drive, or just
to speed things up, you can enter the drive spec along with the
directory name with no space or slash between them. For example
if you are currently using drive C and you wish to change to
B:\GAMES\BOARD\CHECKERS you can enter:
edc b:checkers
or
edc b:check
A drive spec can be terminated by a semicolon as well as a colon.
This allows you to change drives without hitting the shift key.
For example:
edc b;check
To install EDC, copy EDC.EXE to the root directory of your boot
drive or to any directory pointed to by the DOS PATH parameter.
Then enter:
edc -s
EDC will scan all hard drives for directories and store them in
a file named PATH.EDC which is maintained in the root directory of
drive C. Because EDC refers to this file to find directories,
it should not be removed. To scan floppy drives you can enter:
edc -s d:
where "d" is the letter of the drive you are scanning.
If EDC does not find a copy of PATH.EDC when changing directories,
it will automatically scan the drive for you. The -s option can
be used for updates. You can lock out undesired drives by setting
the environment variable EDNOSCAN to the letters of the drives that
you want to ignore. For example:
set ednoscan=df
will cause EDC to ignore drives D and F.
If a full path name or one of the standard DOS directory symbols
("\", "." or "..") is given, EDC will change directories immediately
without checking PATH.EDC.
If the -t option is used, EDC will display the directory tree
on your screen while it is scanning. The screen will pause after
displaying each page of information and give you an opportunity
to choose a directory. PATH.EDC will not be updated unless the
-k option is used. For redirection to non-IBM printers, the -n
option will display the directory tree without using graphics
characters. The -l option will display a list of directories
instead of a tree.
The -l, -n, and -t options are different from the -s option
in one respect. If no drive is specified only the current
drive will be scanned. If the -s option is combined with any
of these options all hard drives will be scanned.
If none of your directory names have extensions you can use
the -q option with any of the above options for quicker scans.
For example:
edc -sq or edc -tq
The -m and -r options can be used to create and remove directories.
Rules for path names are the same as for DOS and PATH.EDC will be
updated after each change. A -rn option has been added to rename
directories. Old and new directories should be be in the same parent
directory. If other commands are used to create and remove
directories you will have to rescan the affected drive.
NOTE: EDC uses the MSDOS LASTDRIVE parameter to determine the
number of available drives on your system. For best performance
insert the following line in CONFIG.SYS:
LASTDRIVE = x
where x is the letter of your last logical drive.
~ffind
NAME:
FFIND Find all copies of file in specified path.
SYNTAX:
ffind [-abdfiklmnr?] [+-=date] [path] filename
Finds all files in path with
the same name.
ffind -e "command {}" [+-=date] [path] filename
Executes DOS command when each
file is located.
OPTIONS:
a Include hidden and system files in search.
b Batch mode, disable warning prompt.
d Include directories in search.
e Execute DOS command.
f Include floppy drives in search.
i Remove files interactively.
k No highlights or screen pauses.
l Display in long format, showing
attributes, size, time and date.
m Display totals for each directory.
n Display output in lower case.
r Remove files when found.
? Display help screen.
DESCRIPTION:
FFIND will search the specified path for all copies of a given
file. "path" should be a valid directory name or drive spec. If
"path" is omitted the search will begin from the root directory of
the current drive. If "*:" is used for a path FFIND will search all
available hard drives. Wild cards can be used in file names and all
subdirectories will be searched. For example:
ffind *.bak
or
ffind \ *.bak
will search the entire current drive for all files named with
an extension of .BAK.
ffind d: temp
will search all of drive D for all files named TEMP,
ffind *: temp
will search all hard drives for all files named TEMP, and
ffind \games poker.exe
will search the directory \GAMES and all subdirectories for all files
named POKER.EXE.
The -r option will delete files when found. For example:
ffind -r c:\ *.bak
will search drive c for all files with an extension of .BAK and
remove them. The -i option is similar to the -r option except that
the user is prompted before each file is removed. The -r option
provides an initial warning prompt before execution. If you ever
type "-r" when you really meant to type "-l" you will appreciate
the need for this. The -b option will override this feature for
unattended batch file operation. This option is intended for use in
batch files only. Don't use it from the keyboard, or some day you
will type in "ffind -rb" when you least intend to.
FFIND will locate hidden and system files with the -a option but
the -r option cannot be used to remove protected files. Use the -i
option to remove these files.
The -l option can be used to display complete information on each
file located and the -k option will disable highlights and screen
pauses, allowing the output to be redirected.
The -m option will display the total number of matching files in
each directory along with the total number of bytes used. For
example:
ffind -almk c:\ *.* > disk.map
will create a complete usage map of the user's hard disk and store
it in DISK.MAP.
When "*:" is used as a drive spec, FFIND will ignore floppy drives
unless the -f option is used. This eliminates the annoying wait
on empty floppy drives. Floppy drives can still be searched
directly without using the -f option.
A semicolon can now be used to terminate a drive spec in place
of a colon. In addition FFIND will consider ";;" equivalent to
"*:" and search all drives. These modifications save a few
key strokes.
NOTE: FFIND uses the MSDOS LASTDRIVE parameter to determine the
number of available drives. If FFIND attempts to search non-existent
drives insert the following line in CONFIG.SYS:
LASTDRIVE = x
where x is the letter of your last logical drive.
FFIND can also locate files based on date. The date parameter
should be entered after any switches and before the path and file
arguments. The date should be preceded by a "+", "-" or "=".
For example:
ffind -07/04/91 *.*
will locate all files created or modified since July 4th, 1991.
ffind -l +07/04/1991 *.txt
will locate all .TXT files older than July 4th, 1991 and display
them in long format.
ffind -r =07/04/1991 d; *.*
will locate and remove all files on drive D which are dated
July 4th, 1991.
FFIND can locate files by number of days back as well as
actual date. For example:
ffind =5 *.*
will locate all files created exactly five days ago and
ffind -5 *.*
will locate all files newer than five days.
FFIND now has a -e option which will cause the program to shell
to DOS and execute a command whenever a file is located. The name
of the located file can be parsed into the command argument by
inserting a pair of braces wherever you want the file to be used.
For example:
ffind -e "pkunzip {}" *.zip
would unzip all the ZIP files on the current drive. If a null
argument is used, FFIND will shell to DOS in the directory in
which the file is located, giving you an opportunity to do
whatever you want. For example:
ffind -e "" test.txt
~get
NAME:
GET Find all file names containing specified string. *
* Enhanced version only.
~ls
NAME:
LS List contents of directory.
SYNTAX:
ls [-124acdefklnprtuxz?] [dir1]..[dirn] Displays contents of dir1..dirn
ls [-124acdefklnprtuxz?] [fil1]..[filn] Lists fil1..filn
OPTIONS:
1 Display one entry per line.
2 Display two entries per line with size and date.
4 Display four entries per line showing size only.
a Display hidden and system files.
c Display files sorted down each column.
d Display file totals and free disk space.
e Sort file names by extension.
f Display files only. Omit directories.
k Do not pause when screen is full.
l Display files in long format, showing
name, attributes, size, time and date.
n Display file names in lower case.
p Put a back slash after each subdirectory.
r Reverse order of sort.
t Sort files by time and date.
u Do not sort files.
x Display files sorted across screen.
z Sort files by size.
? Display help screen.
DESCRIPTION:
LS displays the contents of a directory sorted across the screen
in five columns. The arguments can be either files or directories.
If wildcards are used, all matching files will be listed. Multiple
arguments are accepted and more than one directory can be displayed.
If no arguments are used, the contents of the current directory will
be displayed. If no options are used, -xpd will be assumed and file
totals will be displayed at the bottom of the listing.
The -x option will display files sorted across the screen and
is used in the default mode. The -c option will display files sorted
down each column rather than across each row. If the -1 (one) option
is used, one entry per line is displayed showing only the file name.
If the -l option is used, one entry per line is displayed, showing
name, attributes, size of file in bytes, and time and date of last
modification. A modified DOS format is used which is more readable
than the standard UNIX format. Attributes displayed in this format
are:
<DIR> Subdirectory.
A Archive bit is set.
R File is read only.
H File is hidden.
S File is system.
At the end of each display the size of the directory in bytes is
shown. The size of any subdirectories is not included in this figure.
Also shown is the remaining disk space.
LS now has two new display formats. The -2 option will display
two entries per line showing file size and date and the -4 option
will display four entries per line showing size only. In these
two modes the files are sorted down each column. The -x option
can be combined with either of these options to display files
sorted horizontally.
LS will pause after displaying one page of information. Typing "q"
at this point will terminate the program. Typing any other key will
continue the display. The -k option will suppress this feature and
provide a continuous output which can be redirected. In addition,
the -k option will eliminate any graphics characters, allowing the
output to be redirected to a non-IBM printer.
If the -a option is used, any hidden or system files contained in
the directory are also displayed. The -f option will display file
names only and omit any subdirectories. The -p option will append a
back slash to the end of each subdirectory name, allowing the user
to distinguish between files and subdirectories. This option will
not work with the -l option.
The -t option will will sort files by time and date and can be used
with the -r option to display newest files first. The -e option
will sort file names by extension and the -u option will provide
unsorted output if so desired.
The -d option can be used to to display file totals at the end
of each directory and the -n option will provide lower case output
if needed.
LS can be custom configured by setting the environment
variable "LSCFG" to the desired options. For example:
set lscfg=le
will cause LS to default to the long format, with files sorted by
extension, unless an option is specified on the command line.
LS is now EDC compatible. If EDC is installed, LS will accept
partial directory names. LS will first look for an immediate directory
with the specified name. If no directory is found it will check
PATH.EDC for any matches. If no matches are found it will then check
for a file with the given name. When using this feature the user is
limited to one argument. If more than one directory is specified on
the command line, PATH.EDC will not be searched. This feature has
been made invisible so that LS can still be used as a stand-alone
directory lister. As a result no error messages relating to EDC or
PATH.EDC will be displayed.
This version of LS will not recursively list subdirectories but
the FFIND command can be used to obtain the same result. For
example:
ffind -lm dirname *.*
ffind -lm . *.*
~mv
NAME:
MV Move file(s) to new file or directory.
SYNTAX:
mv [-afnost?] file1 file2 Moves (renames) file1 to file2.
mv [-afnost?] file1 [file2..filen] dir1
Moves any number of files to dir1.
mv dir1 dir2 Renames dir1 to dir2. dir1 and dir2
must be in the same parent directory.
OPTIONS:
a Move read only, hidden and system files.
Prompt before overwriting protected files.
f Move and overwrite all files without prompting.
i Interactive mode. Prompt before moving.
n No delete. Do not overwrite existing files.
o Overwrite existing files without prompting.
s Move files without echoing to screen.
t Update file time and date when moving.
? Display help screen.
DESCRIPTION:
MV moves one or more files to a new file or directory. If more than
one source file is specified or wildcards are used, the last argument
must specify an existing directory or an error will occur. If a
directory is used as a source, all files in the directory will be
moved but subdirectories will not be moved.
Each file is echoed to the screen as it is moved and existing files
are not overwritten without prompting. If an existing file is
protected the user will be notified and prompted a second time before
the file is overwritten. Options are provided to override these
features when desired.
The -i option will prompt the user for a yes or no answer before
moving each file. Used with wildcards or directory names this option
provides an interactive method of moving files.
In normal use MV, ignores hidden and system files and prompts
the user before moving read only files. Hidden and system files can
be moved using the -a option or the -f option. The -a option will
move read only, hidden and system files without prompting but will
still prompt the user before overwriting protected files. If the -f
option is used all existing files, even protected files, will be
overwritten without prompting the user.
The -o option can be used overwrite existing files without
prompting but will not overwrite protected files. If the -n option
is used, no existing files will be overwritten and the user will not
be prompted. The -n option overrides all other options in this
respect.
If the -s option is used, filenames will not be echoed to the
screen when moving. This option can be used with the -o, -f or -n
options when no screen output is desired.
In normal use MV will carry over the time and date of the old file.
If the -t option is used, the new file will be stamped with the
current DOS time and date. Unlike the CP command, MV will also carry
over the attributes of the old file.
~mvdir
NAME:
MVDIR Move directory and all subdirectories to new location.
SYNTAX:
mv dir1 dir2 Moves dir1 to dir2
OPTIONS:
s Move files without echoing to screen.
? Display help screen.
DESCRIPTION:
MVDIR will move a directory and all its subdirectories to the
specified target. If the target directory does not exist a new
directory will be created. If the target directory does exist a
directory will be created within the target directory having the
same name as the old directory.
MVDIR has three modes of operation totally independent of user
input. If both old and new directories are in the same parent
directory, MVDIR will rename the old directory. If old and new
directories are not in the same parent directory but reside on the
same drive, MVDIR will create the new directory structure, rename
the files and then remove the old directory. If old and new directories
reside on different drives MVDIR will create the new directory
structure, copy the files over and then remove the old files and
directories. If an error occurs in this last mode, such as a disk
full error, MVDIR will abort and leave the old directory intact.
~read
NAME:
READ Display text in page format.
SYNTAX:
read [-f][+#] Displays standard input one page
at a time.
read [+#][+\string] file1..filen Displays contents of files one
page at a time.
read dir Lists directory and allows user
to select file to be read.
OPTIONS:
-f Store standard input in temporary file
before displaying.
+### Begin displaying at line ###.
+\string Begin displaying at first occurrence of string.
DESCRIPTION:
READ is a text file viewer which can read from STDIN like the
DOS MORE command, or directly from a file. For example:
read < dosnix.doc
and
read dosnix.doc
will both display DOSNIX.DOC. Wild cards and multiple arguments
can be used to view several files in sequence. For example:
read *.doc
can be used to page through all .DOC files, and
read whats.new quickref.doc
will first read WHATS.NEW, then QUICKREF.DOC.
When READ begins, it will display one page of text and then pause.
The user can then enter one of the following commands:
<space> Toggle continuous scroll.
<PgDn> Clear screen and display next page.
^D, D, ] Display next half page of text.
Enter or Display next line of text.
Down Arrow
<PgUp>, ^B Clear screen and display previous page.
^U, U, [ Move back one half page.
Up Arrow Move back one line.
Right Arrow Shift screen one tab stop right.
Left Arrow Shift screen one tab stop left.
H, Backspace Display help page.
^L, . Rewrite current page.
Home Move to beginning of file.
End or $ Move to end of file.
N Display next file.
P Return to previous file.
F4 Select new file.
\, F2 Search text for string. Ignore case.
|, ShF2 Search text for string. Match exact case.
/, F3 Search text for next occurrence of string.
-### Move back ### lines.
+### Move forward ### lines.
### Move to line number ###.
! Shell to DOS.
Q, Esc Terminate the program.
The escape key can be used to interrupt text searches and exit
the help screen. It will also terminate the program from the main
menu. F10 or Del can be used in place of Esc and ^PgUp and ^PgDn
can be used in place of Home and End.
The number of the top line is displayed on the menu bar unless
the end of file message is visible, then the line number displayed
will be the last line of the file. Unless the file is very small,
you can use PgUp to realign the last page and get rid of the message.
If the number keys are used to go to a line already on the screen,
the screen will scroll until the line is at the top. Otherwise the
screen will clear and a new page will be displayed.
READ now has a unique method of utilizing the space bar.
Instead of displaying one page of text and halting, pressing
the spacebar will cause the text to scroll until the spacebar
is pressed again. This allows you to halt the display at any
desired position. The scroll rate can be adjusted by pressing
the up and down arrows while the text is moving.
Don't try to control the text with the arrow keys. Use
them to adjust the scroll rate then control the text with the
spacebar.
Text searches can be done by typing a "\" or a "|". You will then
be prompted to enter a search string. READ will begin displaying ten
lines before the line containing the search string and the matching
line will be highlighted. The "\" command will ignore differences
between upper and lower case. The "|" command will find only strings
having the exact case as the search string. Typing a "/" will find
the next occurrence of the string and will work with either of the
two previous commands. Searches can not be done when reading from
standard input.
If +\string is used as an option, READ will search the first
occurrence of "string" before displaying. For example:
read +\ffind dosnix.doc
will scan DOSNIX.DOC for the first occurrence of "ffind" and
begin displaying ten lines before the first matching line.
Case sensitive searches can also be initiated from the command
line. Because "|" is a DOS operator it will be necessary to put
the argument in quotes. For example:
read "+|FFIND" dosnix.doc
READ can handle files containing up to 30,000 lines although text
searches can be slow on large files.
Pressing F4 will display the current directory. You can then
use the arrow keys to select either a new file or a new directory.
This mode can be entered from the command line by using a directory
as an argument.
When +### is used as an option, READ will begin displaying at
whatever line number is given after the plus sign. For example:
read +300 dosnix.doc
will begin displaying at line 300.
Output from other programs can be piped to READ using the "|"
operator. When displaying redirected input, search and back scroll
commands are not available and lines longer than 80 columns will be
wrapped. A '-f' option has been provided which will dump redirected
input into a temporary file before reading, making the full range of
commands available. For example:
ffind -m c:\ *.* | read -f
will allow the user to page through the output of FFIND which in
this case is a complete list of files on drive C.
Typing "read" by itself with no arguments will echo whatever is
typed on the keyboard. This is also true for CAT and other
commands which are capable of reading STDIN. This can be confusing
for novice users. To get out of this mode type CTRL-Z followed
by a carriage return.
READ is now provided in two versions. The standard version,
READ.EXE will handle files containing up to 30,000 lines. The
large version, READXL.EXE is included in the enhanced version of
DOSNIX and will handle files containing up to 100,000 lines. It
requires 350k of free memory to run.
~rm
NAME:
RM Remove file(s).
SYNTAX:
rm [-fis] file1...filen Removes files.
rm -r[fis] dir1..dirn Completely removes directories.
OPTIONS:
f Remove protected files without prompting.
i Remove files interactively.
r Recursively remove subdirectories.
s Remove files without echoing to screen.
DESCRIPTION:
RM is the UNIX equivalent of the MSDOS DEL command. If a protected
file is specified, RM will prompt you before removing it unless the
-f option is used. This version of RM will display each filename as
it is removed. You can use the -s option to override this feature.
The -i option can be used with wildcards to allow you to pick
and choose which files will be removed. For example:
rm -i *.*
will display each filename in the current directory and prompt you
for a yes or no answer before deleting.
The -r option is used to remove directories. A directory cannot
be removed unless this option is used. The directory along with all
files and subdirectories will be completely removed. If you are using
RM to remove a directory on another drive, make sure that the drive is
not logged in to the directory you are removing. RM cannot remove the
current directory of any drive.
If the root directory of any drive is specified, all files and
directories on the drive will be removed. The root directory itself
can not be removed. For example:
rm -r a:\
will remove everything on drive A. RM is a great tool for erasing
floppy disks but it is also capable of wiping out your hard disk.
Use it with care.
RM will now accept multiple arguments, making it easier to clean
up directories. It is okay to mix file names and directory names as
long as the -r option is used.
~rn
NAME:
RN Rename file or directory.
SYNTAX:
rn oldfile newfile Renames oldfile to newfile.
rn oldfile dir Relocates oldfile to dir.
rn olddir newdir Renames olddir to newdir.
OPTIONS: none
DESCRIPTION:
RN is similar to the MV command but is much more limited in scope.
Only one file or directory can be renamed at a time and wild cards
are not permitted. Files can not be relocated to another drive and
directories can only be renamed within the parent directory. Because
of its small size, RN is very useful for floppy drive systems where
space is limited.
~sgrep
NAME:
SGREP Search text file(s) for specified string. *
* Enhanced version only.
~split
NAME:
SPLIT Split a text file into several smaller files. *
* Enhanced version only.
~tee
NAME:
TEE Copy standard input to standard output and file(s).
SYNTAX:
tee [-a] file1 [file2]..[file5] Copies STDIN to STDOUT and
file1..file5.
OPTIONS:
a Append output to specified file[s]
s Suppress standard output.
DESCRIPTION:
TEE can be used with the DOS "|" operator and any command which
writes to standard output. For example:
cat file1 file2 | tee file3
concatenates file1 and file2 while displaying them on the screen and
stores them in file3.
ls -lb dir1 | tee file1
displays dir1 in long format and stores the output in file1.
The -a option can be used to append the output to existing files.
If the -a option is not used, existing files will be overwritten.
For example:
tee -a file2 <file1
displays file1 and appends it to the end of file2
tee file2 <file1
displays file1 and overwrites file2.
The -s option can be used to suppress standard output and write to
specified files only. For example:
cat source1 | tee -s file1 file2 file3
will make multiple copies of source1 without displaying it on the
screen.
TEE is meant for use with text files only and use with binary files
is not recommended.
~tolower
NAME:
TOLOWER Convert to lower case.
SYNTAX:
tolower Converts STDIN to lower case and
writes to STDOUT.
DESCRIPTION:
TOLOWER is a filter which will convert all upper case characters to
lower case. All other characters are left unchanged. For example:
tolower < file1 > file2
converts file1 to lower case and stores the result in file2.
~touch
NAME:
TOUCH Modify file date and time.
SYNTAX:
touch [-t] [mm/dd/yy;hh:mm:ss] file1
Changes date and time of file1
OPTIONS:
t User selected time and date.
DESCRIPTION:
TOUCH will change the date and time of the specified file to the
current DOS date and time. If the -t option is used the user can
supply the date and time as the next argument in the format
mm/dd/yy;hh:mm:ss. If the date and time argument is omitted the
user is prompted to enter the date and time of his choice. Wildcards
can be used in file names.
~toupper
NAME:
TOUPPER Convert to upper case.
SYNTAX:
toupper Converts STDIN to upper case and
writes to STDOUT.
DESCRIPTION:
TOUPPER is a filter which will convert all lower case characters
to upper case. All other characters are left unchanged. For example:
toupper < file1 > file2
converts file1 to upper case and stores the result in file2.
~wc
NAME:
WC Count lines, words and characters in a file. *
* Enhanced version
DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY
This software and manual are sold "as is" and without warranties as to
performance of merchantability or any other warranties whether expressed
or implied. Because of the various hardware and software environments
into which this program may be put, no warranty of fitness for a particular
purpose is offered.
Good data processing procedure dictates that any program be thoroughly
tested with non-critical data before relying on it. The user must assume
the entire risk of using the program. Any liability of the seller will be
limited exclusively to product replacement or refund of purchase price.
~registration
DOSNIX ver. 2.0a is the product of many hours of design, testing
and debugging. If you use this utility package beyond a reasonable
period of time for evaluation, you are required to register. When
you register you will be sent a copy of the enhanced version of DOSNIX
which contains several utilities not found in this version, including
CPDIR, GET, SGREP, SPLIT and WC. The fee for registration is $25.00.
Currently registered users may upgrade at any time by sending $5.00
to cover shipping and handling.
Copies of DOSNIX ver. 2.0a can be made and distributed provided
that all utilities, documentation and licensing information are
included. Even if you do not use this program you are encouraged
to share it with your friends and to upload it to bulletin boards.
Shareware dealers are free to distribute this program provided that
they comply with the guidelines given in REGISTER.DOC.
Businesses are invited to use DOSNIX on a trial basis and then to
apply for a site license. Please write to me at the address below
to register or to obtain information on site licenses.
Gerald M. Vrooman
RD 1 Box 56
Chenango Forks, NY
13746
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DOSNIX 2.0a REGISTRATION
NAME: ____________________________________________________________
ADDRESS: ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____ Enhanced version of DOSNIX @ $5.00 ____________
____ Single user registration @ $25.00 ____________
(Includes enhanced version.)
____ Basic Site License @ $65.00 ____________
(Up to three computers)
____ Additional computers @ $20.00
(For networks estimate the number
of computers which will be using
DOSNIX) ____________
Total amount enclosed ____________
Please circle one: 5.25" disk 3.5" disk